1 MSD在I 型糖尿病研究中的应用
1.1 I型糖尿病定义:
体内胰岛素绝对不足,血液中可查出多种自身免疫抗体,包括胰岛细胞抗体(ICA抗体),可损伤人体胰岛B细胞,使之不能正常分泌胰岛素;还包括谷氨酸脱羧酶抗体(GAD抗体)和胰岛素抗体(IAA抗体)等等。
多发群体:儿童,青少年
常见病因:自身免疫 系统缺陷,遗传因素,病毒感染等
常见症状:三多一少——多饮、多食、多尿、体重减少,患者首发有酮症酸中毒。
1.2 I型糖尿病自身抗体检测:
(1) MSD技术优势
Ø桥联法适用任何物种;
Ø 检测快速,2小时完成96检测;
Ø 游离药物抗原干扰小;
Ø 有效检测低亲和力GADA;
Ø 基质效应影响小;
Ø MRD易判断,综合灵敏度高
Ø MSD亦可开发多因子检测(在一个孔中同时检测多种自身抗体)
(2)试剂耗材:
品名 |
货号 |
备注 |
MSD GOLD 96-well Streptavidin SECTOR Plate Pack |
L15SA |
链霉亲和素包被板子,可对生物素化物质进行包被 |
U-PLEX Development Pack,(2-10可选)Assay SECTOR Plate |
2-10指标多种货号 |
多指标组合检测板子,可以对多种糖尿病自身抗体进行检测 |
Read Buffer T |
R92TC |
读板液 |
MSD GOLD SULFO-TAG NHS-Ester, 150 nmol |
R91AO |
标记抗体、药物等用于检测 |
(3)实验步骤(供参考,请根据具体实验做调整):
1.将GAD65蛋白标记上biotin; 另取一部分GAD65蛋白,标记Sulfo-Tag
2.在polypropylene plate里将等体积的GAD65-biotin, GAD65-sulfoTag, 以及待测样品室温下混合孵育1h或4℃过夜
3.在步骤2的同时,用150ul 3% BSA blocking buffer封闭MSD streptavidin包被的板子约30min
4.将步骤2的混合物加入已经封闭好的MSD streptavidin板子里,孵育1小时
5.洗板,加 read buffer, 读板
(4)实验原理图及流程图:
自身抗体单指标检测
2 II型糖尿病:
2.1 II型糖尿病定义
90%以上糖尿病患者为 II型,一部分病人以胰岛素抵抗(机体对内源分泌或外源注射的胰岛素均反应下降的异常生理状态)为主,病人多肥胖,因胰岛素抵抗,胰岛素敏感性下降;另一部分病人以胰岛素分泌缺陷为主,临床上需要补充外源胰岛素
多发群体:中老年人,肥胖者发病率高
常见病因:遗传因素,生活习惯,年龄因素
常见症状:三多一少——多饮、多食、多尿、消瘦体重减少
2.2 II型糖尿病主要Biomarker以及MSD相关产品:
(1)胰高血糖素Glucagon、胰岛素Insulin分别由胰岛A细胞和胰岛B细胞表达,反向直接调节血糖含量; 胰高血糖素样肽GLP-1,由小肠上皮L细胞表达,促进胰岛素表达, 抑制胰高血糖素表达,降血糖
糖尿病患者白色脂肪组织紊乱,分泌脂联素Adiponectin、瘦素Leptin、抵抗素Resistin造成胰岛素抵抗,血糖含量升高。
部分单指标成品试剂盒:
品名 |
货号 |
检测指标 |
V-PLEX GLP-1 Active Kit |
K1503OD-1 |
Active GLP-1 | Human, Mouse, Non-human primate, Rat, Canine |
V-PLEX GLP-1 Total Kit |
K1503PD-1 |
Total GLP-1 | Human, Mouse, Non-human primate, Rat, Canine |
Mouse/Rat Insulin Kit |
K152BZC-1 |
Insulin | Mouse, Rat, Human |
U-PLEX Human Insulin Assay |
K1516HK-1 |
Insulin | Human |
Mouse/Rat Glucagon Kit |
K150HCC-1 |
Glucagon | Mouse, Rat |
U-PLEX Human Glucagon Assay |
K1515YK-1 |
Glucagon | Human |
R-PLEX Human Resistin Antibody Set |
F21ZO-3 |
Resistin | Human |
Mouse/Rat Resistin Kit |
K152FNC-1 |
Resistin | Mouse, Rat |
U-PLEX Human GIP (total) Assay |
K1515SK-1 |
GIP | Human |
U-PLEX Human PYY (total) Assay
|
K1516BK-1 |
Total PYY | Human |
部分多指标成品试剂盒:
品名 |
货号 |
检测指标 |
U-PLEX Diabetes Combo 1 (hu) SECTOR (1 PL) |
K15274K-1 |
C-Peptide,GIP (total),GLP-1 (total),Glucagon,Insulin,Leptin,PYY (total) |
U-PLEX Diabetes Combo 2 (hu) SECTOR (1 PL) |
K15275K-1 |
C-Peptide,GIP (total),GLP-1 (active),Glucagon,Insulin,Leptin,PYY (total) |
U-PLEX Adipokine Combo 1 (hu) SECTOR (1 PL) |
K15276K-1 |
BDNF,IL-1β,IL-6,IL-8,IL-10 ,Insulin,Leptin,MCP-1,TNF-α,β-NGF |
U-PLEX Obesity Combo 1 (hu) SECTOR |
K15277K-1 |
BDNF,FGF-21,Glucagon,Ghrelin (total),Leptin |
U-PLEX Obesity Combo 2 (hu) SECTOR (1 PL) |
K15278K-1 |
C-Peptide,FGF-23,GLP-1 (total),Ghrelin (total),Insulin,Leptin,PYY (total) |
U-PLEX Metabolic Combo 1 (hu) SECTOR (1 PL) |
K15281K-1 |
共22个指标:BAFF, BDNF, β-NGF, C-Peptide, FGF-21, FGF-23, FSH, Ghrelin (active), Ghrelin (total), GIP (active), GIP (inactive), GIP (total), GLP-1 (active), GLP-1 (inactive), GLP-1 (total), Glucagon, Insulin, Leptin, Luteinizing Hormone (LH), PP, Proinsulin, PYY (total) |
Mouse/Rat Insulin, Glucagon Kit |
K15145C-1 |
Insulin, Glucagon | Mouse, Rat |
Mouse Metabolic Kit |
K15124C-1 |
Insulin, Leptin | Mouse, Human |
Rat Leptin, Insulin Duplex Kit |
K15158C-1 |
Insulin, Leptin | Rat |
Human Leptin, Insulin Kit |
K15164C-1 |
Insulin,Leptin | Human |
Mouse/Rat GLP-1 (7-36) Amide, Glucagon, Insulin Kit |
K15159C-1 |
GLP-1 (7-36) Amide, Glucagon, Insulin Kit | Mouse, Rat |
Human GLP-1(7-36) Amide, Glucagon, Insulin Kit |
K15160C-1 |
GLP-1(7-36) Amide, Glucagon, Insulin | Human |
Mouse/Rat Total Active GLP-1, Insulin, Glucagon Kit |
K15171C-1 |
Total Active GLP-1, Glucagon, Insulin | Mouse, Rat |
Mouse/Rat Active GLP-1 (7-36) Amide, Insulin, Glucagon Kit |
K15172C-1 |
GLP-1 (7-36) Amide, Glucagon, Insulin | Mouse, Rat |
Human Active GLP-1 (7-36) Amide, Insulin, Glucagon, Leptin Kit |
K15173C-1 |
GLP-1(7-36) Amide, Glucagon, Leptin, Insulin | Human |
Human Active GLP-1, Insulin, Glucagon, Leptin Kit |
K15174C-1 |
GLP-1, Glucagon, Leptin, Insulin | Human |
Insulin Signaling Panel (Phospho Protein) Kit |
K15151C-1 |
IGF-1R, IR, IRS-1 | Human |
(2)糖尿病患者中,血管细胞也会对肥胖程度增加作出反应,上调一种或多种粘附蛋白ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin 或者P-selectin。
品名 |
货号 |
检测指标 |
V-PLEX Vascular Injury Panel 2 Human Kit |
K15198D |
SAA, CRP, VCAM-1, ICAM-1 | Human |
Human Vascular Injury I Kit |
K15135C |
E-Selectin, ICAM-3, P-Selectin, Thrombomodulin | Human |
Cardiac Injury Panel 2 Rat Kit |
K15155C |
Troponin T (cardiac), cTroponin I, FABP3/H-FABP | Rat |
(3)炎症也是糖尿病的关键特征,TNF-alpha、IL-6、MCP-1 多种炎性指标也是糖尿病biomarker,详细产品见第一章。
(4)研究表明,老年人的糖尿病与认知功能的衰退有关——高血糖会产生认知功能障碍,而血糖调节激素如胰高血糖素样肽-1(GLP-1)被认为是一种记忆调节剂。科学界多年来一直对代谢障碍直接导致阿尔茨海默氏症的理念感兴趣。细胞因子刺激β-淀粉样蛋白β-amyloid的生成,而在糖尿病中睾酮的低水平分泌可能与β-淀粉样蛋白β-amyloid的过量产生有关,而SAPP, β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides也是阿尔茨海默病的重要biomarker。具体产品详见2.2。
2.3 研究案例:
(1) 巴巴拉•戴维斯儿童糖尿病中心&南京逸夫医院开发自身抗体检测高灵敏方法学以及多种自身抗体组合检测方法学:
南京逸夫医院内分泌科采用MSD技术开发I型糖尿病自身抗体新方法学的视频链接:
参考文献:Gu Y , Zhao Z , Miao D , et al. Electrochemiluminescence Assays for Human Islet Autoantibodies[J]. Journal of Visualized Experiments, 2018(133).
(2)礼来糖尿病研发中心采用MSD研究相关生物标志物
Blood was collected for glucose and insulin levels at time 0, 2, 4, 6, 10, and 20 min after intravenous administration of the compound which was immediately followed by an intravenous glucose bolus of 0.5 g/kg. Plasma levels of glucose were determined using a Hitachi 912 clinical chemistry analyzer (Roche, Indianapolis,IN). Plasma insulin was determined using an electrochemiluminescence assay(Meso Scale, Gaithersburg, MD).
参考文献:Sloop K W , Willard F S , Brenner M B , et al. Novel Small Molecule Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonist Stimulates Insulin Secretion in Rodents and From Human Islets[J]. Diabetes, 2010, 59(12):3099-3107