Glucagon DuoSet (1 KIT)

Glucagon DuoSet (1 KIT)

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品牌: R&D Systems
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    产品介绍
    产品信息

    Scientific Data

    Glucagon ELISA Standard Curve

    Assay Procedure

    GENERAL ELISA PROTOCOL

    Plate Preparation

    1. Dilute the Capture Antibody to the working concentration in PBS without carrier protein. Immediately coat a 96-well microplate with 100 μL per well of the diluted Capture Antibody. Seal the plate and incubate overnight at room temperature.
    2. Aspirate each well and wash with Wash Buffer, repeating the process two times for a total of three washes. Wash by filling each well with Wash Buffer (400 μL) using a squirt bottle, manifold dispenser, or autowasher. Complete removal of liquid at each step is essential for good performance. After the last wash, remove any remaining Wash Buffer by aspirating or by inverting the plate and blotting it against clean paper towels.
    3. Block plates by adding 300 μL Reagent Diluent to each well. Incubate at room temperature for a minimum of 1 hour.
    4. Repeat the aspiration/wash as in step 2. The plates are now ready for sample addition.

    Assay Procedure

    1. Add 100 μL of sample or standards in Reagent Diluent, or an appropriate diluent, per well. Cover with an adhesive strip and incubate 2 hours at room temperature.
    2. Repeat the aspiration/wash as in step 2 of Plate Preparation.
    3. Add 100 μL of the Detection Antibody, diluted in Reagent Diluent, to each well. Cover with a new adhesive strip and incubate 2 hours at room temperature.
    4. Repeat the aspiration/wash as in step 2 of Plate Preparation.
    5. Add 100 μL of the working dilution of Streptavidin-HRP to each well. Cover the plate and incubate for 20 minutes at room temperature. Avoid placing the plate in direct light.
    6. Repeat the aspiration/wash as in step 2.
    7. Add 100 μL of Substrate Solution to each well. Incubate for 20 minutes at room temperature. Avoid placing the plate in direct light.
    8. Add 50 μL of Stop Solution to each well. Gently tap the plate to ensure thorough mixing.
    9. Determine the optical density of each well immediately, using a microplate reader set to 450 nm. If wavelength correction is available, set to 540 nm or 570 nm. If wavelength correction is not available, subtract readings at 540 nm or 570 nm from the readings at 450 nm. This subtraction will correct for optical imperfections in the plate. Readings made directly at 450 nm without correction may be higher and less accurate.

    Glucagon DuoSet ELISA Summary

    Assay Type
    Solid Phase Sandwich ELISA
    Format
    96-well strip plate
    Sample Volume Required
    100 µL
    Assay Range
    31.2 - 2,000 pg/mL
    Sufficient Materials
    For five 96-well plates*
    Specificity
    Please see the product datasheet

    * Provided that the recommended microplates, buffers, diluents, substrates and solutions are used, and the assay is run as summarized in the Assay Procedure provided.

    This DuoSet ELISA Development kit contains the basic components required for the development of sandwich ELISAs to measure natural and recombinant Glucagon. The suggested diluent is suitable for the analysis of most cell culture supernate samples. Diluents for complex matrices, such as serum and plasma, should be evaluated prior to use in this DuoSet.

     

     

    背景
    别名
    GCG,glicentin-related polypeptide,GLP1,GLP-1,Glucagon,glucagon-like peptide 1,glucagon-like peptide 2,GRPP
    背景

    Background: Glucagon

    Glucagon is a 29 amino acid (aa) peptide produced by the pancreas that plays a critical role in glucose metabolism and homeostasis (1-4). The Glucagon precursor mRNA is expressed by alpha cells ( alpha -cells) of the pancreas, L cells of the intestine, and in the brain (1, 2). Only the pancreatic alpha -cells express the prohormone convertase PC2, also called PCSK2, which is required to produce Glucagon (2). Intestinal L cells instead express the prohormone convertase PC1, which processes the precursor to the Glucagon-overlapping peptides glicentin and oxyntomodulin. L cells also produce two Glucagon-like peptides, GLP-1 and GLP-2 that are derived from the same Glucagon precursor and influence glucose metabolism, but do not share any common sequence with Glucagon (1, 2). The aa sequence of the mature Glucagon peptide is identical in human, mouse, rat, pig, dog, horse, cow, sheep, and Xenopus.

    In normal metabolism, Glucagon is secreted in response to low blood glucose (hypoglycemia) and downregulated in response to high blood glucose (hyperglycemia). Although Glucagon binding sites are found in liver, brain, pancreas, kidney, intestine, and adipose tissue, the main activity of Glucagon receptors occurs in the liver, where Glucagon stimulates gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis, thereby increasing blood glucose (1-4). It is particularly important that the brain receive sufficient glucose, since it is unable to store more than a minute quantity. Therefore the release of Glucagon from alpha -cells is under control by both hormones and neurotransmitters, and is very responsive to circulating glucose concentration. Insulin, and/or the zinc that islet beta cells secrete with it, downregulates Glucagon secretion in intact islets (5, 6). Glucagon secretion is also downregulated by the neurotransmitter gamma -aminobutyric acid (GABA), somatostatin produced by islet δ-cells, and GLP-1, but is enhanced by the neurotransmitter L-glutamate, amino acids (especially arginine), and Glucagon itself (2-4, 7). Through receptors on the alpha -cells, these substances affect potassium, sodium, and calcium channel activity and alter intracellular calcium concentration (2-4). Glucose suppression of Glucagon secretion is probably indirect, acting through paracrine signals from other islet cells (8).
    Like insulin, Glucagon is dysregulated in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and contributes to its pathology (2-4). Glucagon secretion is less responsive to insulin-mediated suppression in times of high circulating glucose, causing glucagonemia, and increasing the risk of hyperglycemia. Glucagon is also regulated by some of the same messengers that regulate insulin (10-12). Leptin inhibits alpha -cell glucagon secretion and stimulates beta -cell insulin secretion, but glucagon blunts the leptin-mediated insulin secretion (10). Islet alpha -cells express ghrelin receptors and respond to ghrelin by increasing Glucagon secretion (11). Glucocorticoids, activated by 11 beta -HSD1, depress Glucagon secretion in hypoglycemia and insulin secretion in hyperglycemia (12). Although genetic polymorphisms of the Glucagon receptor are associated with T2D, downregulation of Glucagon secretion or deletion of the Glucagon receptor in mice that are susceptible to T2D actually improves glycemic control (13, 14).
    Entrez Gene IDs:
    2641 (Human); 14526 (Mouse); 24952 (Rat)
    Alternate Names:
    GCG; glicentin-related polypeptide; GLP1; GLP-1; Glucagon; glucagon-like peptide 1; glucagon-like peptide 2; GRPP
    制备和贮存
    保存方式

    Preparation and Storage

    Shipping
    The product is shipped at ambient temperature. Upon receipt, store it immediately at the temperature recommended below.
    Stability & Storage
    Store the unopened product at 2 - 8 °C. Do not use past expiration date.
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    货号:
    DY1249
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    询价
    1KIT
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